论中国纺织女神的祭祀礼俗及其影响

嫘祖和黄道婆是中国古代的两位纺织英雄,她们先后成为先蚕和先棉之神被祭祀,但两者在祭祀时间、规模、范围、方式等方面都有很大的区别。不同的祀典造成了不同的影响。对先蚕的祭祀,是对男耕女织的基本经济模式的强化,促进了男女二元对立的社会结构的形成。对先棉的祀奉是一种民间行为,促进了祭祀文化区的经济的繁荣,并与女性地位的提高有着一定关联。事实说明,祭祀既与某种生产方式相联系,也与某种社会结构相关联。

On the Sacrificial Ceremony for Chinese Weaving Goddesses and the Influence

Leizu and Huang Daopo are the two Chinese ancient textile heroes.They have been sacrificed successively as the first god of silkworm and first god of the cotton,but there exist differences in sacrificial time,scale,scope,and way.Different offered sacrifice brings about different influence.The sacrificial offering to Leizu intensifies the basic economic system that the man cultivates and female weaves,and advances the formation of the relevant social structure.The sacrifice to Huang Daopo,as a kind of folk behavior,promotes the economy in sacrificial culture area,and has the certain connection with the feminine status enhancement.The fact shows that the sacrificial offering already relates with some production method,also is connected with some social structure.