论词汇静态、动态形式的结合研究

语言词汇中存在着静态和动态两种不同的形式,两者相互联系,相互补充,共同构成了词汇的存在整体。静态和动态存在形式各有自己的特点和功能。从性质角度讲,两者都是交际工具,但静态成分是相对静止的存在,它的交际作用是潜在的;动态成分是人们对静态成分的运用,它能够进入交际,达到交流思想的目的,所以它的交际功能可以发挥出来,变成显性的存在。从功能角度讲,静态形式全面地记录和展示着词汇各个共时阶段的词汇系统状况,动态形式则从共时和历时两个方面运作和推动着词汇的发展。在整个运动和发展的过程中,词汇动态变化中的规范形式、发展形式和临时形式,可以体现出词汇的静态、动态两种形式相互联系和互补的依存关系以及共同促进和发展的状况。在词汇的共时和历时研究中,为了正确地认识词汇问题,就应该将词汇的静态、动态现象结合起来兼顾分析。虽然这是很艰巨的,但必须从点滴做起。

On the Combination Research of the Static Form and the Dynamic Form of Vocabulary

From the existing form, the vocabulary of a language can be divided into two Kinds: static and dynamic. They are interrelated and supplementary to each other and form a existing whole of vocabulary. The static and the dynamic forms have their own features and functions. They are the same in the sense that both are communication tools. However, the static components are the existence of relative rest with potential functions of communication which are used as the dynamic components in order to perform the communicational function and become the dominant components. From their functions, the static form records and displays the state of vocabulary system of every synchronic phase. However, the dynamic form operates and motivates the development of vocabulary in the synchronic phase and diachronic phase. In the process of the whole motion and development, the interrelation between the static and the dynamic forms and the condition of their identical enhancement and development can be displayed in the normative, motive and temporary form of dynamic changes of vocabulary. The static and dynamic forms of vocabulary should be analyzed in combination with the intention to realize the questions of vocabulary in the synchronic and diachronic research of vocabulary. We must begin with microscopic research though it is a difficult task.