从异化消费到生态消费

以机器大生产为标志的工业文明将人类推向了一个物质发达的社会。工业技术的革新使社会生产力得到大力发展,人类的消费逐渐趋于奢侈和浪费。与此同时,由于资本主义社会的生产资料私人占有,生产的扩大具有盲目性。马克思的异化劳动理论对资本主义社会的剥削关系进行了深入细致的分析,将批判视角从生产领域延伸到消费领域,马克思由此提出了异化消费理论。异化消费理论为当代消费群体的各种不当消费提供了重要的理论支持,伴随而来的奢侈消费、享乐消费、符号消费盛行,导致一些错误的消费价值取向产生,造成大量的资源浪费和环境负担。因此,推动异化消费向生态消费的转型尤为重要。生态消费是促进社会的生态化转型和实现可持续发展的重要手段,是适度消费、有限消费、低碳消费、可持续消费和需求性消费,需要政府的“引导力”、企业的“推动力”、社会媒体的“宣传力”、社会公众的“内在动力”等合力而行,共同构建生态消费社会对于促进我国生态文明建设和美丽中国建设具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

From Alienated Consumption to Ecological Consumption

The industrial civilization marked by mass production brought mankind to a materially developed society.The innovation of industrial technology accelerates the development of social production,and human consumption tends to be extravagant and wasteful.In the meantime,the private ownership of production means in capitalist society leads to the blind expansion of production.In his alienated labor theory,Marx made a thorough and detailed analysis of the exploitation relationship in capitalist society,extended the critical perspective from the production field to the consumption field,and put forward the alienated consumption theory,which provided important theoretical basis for all improper consumptions of contemporary consumer groups,such as prevailing luxury consumption,hedonic consumption and symbolic consumption.The improper consumption mindset and values orientation cause a lot of resources waste and environmental burden.Therefore,the shift from alienated consumption to ecological consumption is essential.Ecological consumption,characterized by moderate consumption,limited consumption,low-carbon consumption,sustainable consumption and demand-based consumption,is an important means to promote the ecological transformation of society and achieve sustainable development and calls for the guidance of governments,the pushing of enterprises,the publicization of social media and the internal motivation of the public to work together,which has important theoretical and practical significances for China’s ecological civilization progress and the initiative of“building a beautiful China”.