安德烈·高兹的经济理性批判理论及其对我国生态文明建设的启示

随着20世纪全球生态环境的持续恶化、20世纪60年代绿色运动的蓬勃发展和法国“五月风暴”运动的政治影响,安德烈·高兹在继承马克思恩格斯的资本主义政治经济学批判理论、萨特“自在-自为”的存在主义哲学思想和法兰克福学派技术理性批判理论的基础上,创造性地构建了自己的资本主义批判理论。批判是高兹资本主义批判理论的显著特征,经济理性批判是高兹资本主义批判理论的核心议题,生态理性构建是高兹资本主义批判理论的价值指向。经济理性随着资本主义社会的不断产生而逐渐形成,其实质上是资本主义生产方式下以谋求利润最大化或无限追求最大经济利益为生产动机的工具理性。经济理性具有导致人的虚假需求和异化消费、加剧生态危机以及造成“生活世界殖民化”和“新奴隶主义”出现的危害,而生态理性与经济理性之间存在着本质区别,构建以生态理性为核心的生态社会主义是超越经济理性的有效措施和根本路径。高兹的经济理性批判理论启示新时代我国生态文明建设要坚持生态理性对经济理性的扬弃,构建遵循生态理性的生态政治观、文化观、消费观和幸福观。

Andre Gorz's Critique of Economic Reason and Its Enlightenment to China's Ecological Civilization Progress in the New Era

With the continuous deterioration of the global ecological environment in the 20th century,the vigorous development of the green movement in the 1960s,and the political influence of French May Storm Movement,Andre Gorz developed his own critique of capitalism based on the inheritance of Marx and Engels's critique of political economy of capitalism,Sartre's existentialism involving being-in-itself and being-for-itself and the Frankfurt School's critique of technological reason.Criticism is the prominent feature of Gorz's critique of capitalism,the core issue of which is the criticism of economic reason and the value orientation of which is ecological reason construction.Economic reason came into being gradually with the continuous development of capitalist society.In essential,it is instrumental reason under the capitalist mode of production with the pursuit of profit maximization or unlimited pursuit of maximum economic interests as the production motive.Economic reason has caused people's false demands and consumption alienation,intensified ecological crises,and brought about“the colonization of lifeworld”and“modern slavery”.Essential differences exist between ecological reason and economic reason.Building ecological socialism with ecological reason as the core is an effective measure and a fundamental path to surpass economic reason.In light of Gorz's critique of economic reason,to develop ecological civilization in the new era,we should attach importance to ecological reason,sublate economic reason,and construct our viewpoints on politics,culture,consumption and happiness in line with ecological reason.