技术创新、就业增长与企业发展——基于工业企业创新活动的实证分析

针对我国创新驱动型经济呈现出技术变化、结构变化和需求变化同时进行的特征，本文从创新行为与结构变化、竞争形式以及需求间的关系入手，分析创新活动对就业增长的影响机理。鉴于将分析水平定位在行业和地区水平，能够将创新战略、竞争状况和需求模式结合在一起，本文从行业和地区两个层面研究创新活动对就业增长的影响。研究结果表明，总需求增长显著地促进行业和地区的就业增长，总创新强度增长显著地抑制行业和地区的就业增长，市场导向的产品创新只对行业就业增长产生显著的正向影响，兼有市场导向的产品创新与调整导向的工艺创新只对地区就业增长产生显著的正向影响。在此基础上，本文提出促进行业和地区工业企业的发展战略。

Technological Innovation,Employment Growth and Enterprise Development --An Empirical Analysis to Enterprise Innovative Activities

As Chinese innovation - driven economy is characterized by cocurrent changes in technology, structures as well as demands, this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of innovation activities on employment growth, starting with analyzing the rela-tionships between innovative behavior and structural changes, competition forms and demands. Considering the fact that settling positioning analysis at both sector and regional levels would combine innovation strategies, competition conditions and demand patterns together, this paper studies the impacts of innovation activities on employment growth at these two corresponding levels. The results show that, at both sector and regional levels, the overall demand growth contributes significantly to employment growth, and overall innovation intensity significantly restrains job growth. However, market- oriented product innovations only have a significant positive impact on sector employment growth. Market - oriented product innovations and restructure - oriented process innovations combined would have a significant positive impact on regional employment growth. On this basis, proposals concerning development strategies are put forward to promote industrial enterprises at both sector and regional levels.