欧美人类学电影发展史论

发端于十九世纪末的人类学电影肇始于“文化救险”和保护文化“活化石”的目的,后来同应用人类学一起,服务于人类学和文化研究的各个领域,为人类学和比较文化思想的传播作出了巨大贡献。人类学电影滥觞于法国,后流行于欧洲,在美国最后成熟并获极大发展。人类学电影不仅是学术电影,而且影响到了艺术影片,商业影片甚至故事影片的内容与风格。不论对人类学理论的发展和电影理论的发展,它都有着无可比拟的推动力和影响。

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC FILM IN EUROPE AND AMERICA

Ethnographic film originated at the end of the 19th century. The original aim of ethnographic film was of " ethnographic salvage" and to protect the "living fossils" of primitive life or ancient cultures. And then, working with applied anthropology, ethnographic film served all the areas of anthropology and comparative cultural studies. It has contributed greatly in propagating the thoughts of anthropology and compartive cultural studies. Ethnographic film making started in Freace, and then became popular in Europe. It grew matured in the U.S. and developed fast there. Although as an academic film, ethnographic film has also greatly influenced the nature and Style of art, commercial and fiction film-making. Ethnographic film is a great driving force in both of the theoretical development of anthropology and filmmaking.