高等教育公平与政府责任——论战后美国联邦政府在高等教育入学机会均等中的作用

二战以来，美国联邦政府积极介入高等教育入学机会分配，其作用经历了四个阶段：二战后到20世纪60年代中期为满足高等教育入学需求；60年代中期到70年代末为重视高等教育入学机会均等；70年代末至90年代末为迎合中产阶级学生的入学需求；新世纪以来为关注入学的可负担性。美国联邦政府在高等教育入学机会均等中的作用表现出受不同政府理论影响；强制性制度变迁为主，兼顾诱致性制度变迁；立法、行政和司法机关各自发挥作用等特点。

Higher Education Equality and Government Responsibility --On the Role of American Federal Government in Realizing Equal Opportunity in Higher Education Admission

Since World War II, the U. S. federal government has been actively involving itself in the allocation of higher education opportunities, and its role has gone through four stages：meeting the higher education access requirement from World War II to the mid-60s;laying emphasis on equality of higher education access opportunity from mid-60s to late 70s;meeting the access requirements of middle-class students from late 70s to late 90s;casting eyes onto the affordability of college access. The federal governmenfs role in ensuring equal opportunity in higher education manifests different theoretical influence, which mainly sticks to mandatory institutional changes, combined with occasional induced system changes, resorting to the function of legislative, administrative and judiciary bodies.