韩国出生性别比失衡的公共治理及对中国的启示

韩国出生性别比呈现先上升后下降的态势,韩国出生性别比偏高的直接原因是性别选择流、引产,而传统文化是根源性的原因,韩国性别失衡带来一系列社会后果,影响了韩国的社会稳定;韩国政府出台了一系列旨在维护女童权益、反对歧视女性、提高女性地位的法律法规;韩国的公民社会也作出了许多有益的尝试,通过公共治理,出生性别比出现显著下降,而且女性地位得到较大提升;韩国性别比失衡问题的治理对中国解决相关人口问题有着重要的借鉴意义。

Public Governances of Imbalanced Sex Ratio at Birth in South Korea and Implication for China

Using the data from various sources,this paper reviews the studies and practices on governance of imbalanced sex ratio at birth in South Korea based on results of existing studies by scholars and intervention activities of Korean government and civil society.The results show that sex ratio at birth has risen then dropped;Sex-selective abortion is the proximal cause for the high sex ratio at birth,while the traditional Confucian culture is the fundamental cause;Imbalanced sex ratio at birth produces some social problems that threaten the long-term stability of Korean society.A series of national laws and regulations aimed at protecting of girl child' rights and interests,opposing discrimination against the female,improving the women status;Also the civil society made great effort to promote gender equality.Sex ratio at birth dropped dramatically and status of women improved rapidly in South Korea with the comprehensive governance which has important implication for addressing similar population issues in China.