土地政治过程与乡村秩序的集体生成机制

改革开放以来，农村集体土地制度呈现为“共有私用”的地权形态。农民集体包含了权利主体、关系主体和制度主体，三者的弹性关系赋予农民集体以实践本位的存在模式。农民集体扎根于土地秩序之中，且从土地秩序中汲取政治动力，推动了土地政治过程。土地政治过程内在于集体土地制度的实践逻辑，体现了权利与权力、民主与集中的辩证统一。土地政治过程塑造了集体的统一性和自主性，凝聚了村庄的政治性，在促进土地秩序更新和土地价值实现的同时实现乡村秩序整合。因此，农村土地制度变迁须适当平衡集体所有权与农民土地权利的关系，维系乡村秩序再生产的活力基础。

The Process of Land Politics and the Collective Generating Mechanism of Rural Order

Since the reform and opening up,the rural collective land system has shown the form of "common share and private use".The farmer collective is not only the right subject,but also includes the relationship subject and the system subject,and the flexible relationship of the three gives the peasant collective a practice-based existence mode.The farmer collective takes root in the land order and draws the political power from it,which promotes the land political process.The process of land politics lies in the practical logic of the collective land system,which embodies the dialectical unity of rights and power,democracy and centralization.While promoting the renewal of land order and the realization of land value,the process of land politics shapes the unity and autonomy of the collective,condenses the political nature of the village,and realizes the integration of rural order.Therefore,in the change of rural land system,it is necessary to properly balance the relationship between collective ownership and farmers' land rights so as to maintain the dynamic basis of rural order reproduction.