农民工的流动儿童生存环境与就学的相关分析

本文从湖南省湘潭市部分农民工的流动儿童就学状况出发,对其生存环境与就学率及学校取向影响作了简要分析,得出几点结论:其一,以户籍为基础的教育财政体制是农民工的流动儿童就学难的根源,有必要建立与人口流动性相配套的财政投入机制来解决教育经费的区域划拨矛盾;其二,农民工流动性过强、公立学校借读费过高以及文化教育程度的限制导致了流动儿童失辍学率居高不下,政府应当逐步弱化按教育成本投入确定的入学收费制度,通过继续教育来提升农民工家长的文化素质,为孩子创造相对稳定宽松的学习环境;其三,民办学校办学资格的缺失及城乡歧视形成的心理负荷导致流动儿童教育质量低下,政府应当渐近性地完成民办学校合法化整改工作,在城市主导价值观念下加速流动儿童的城市融合过程。

Analysis of the Survival Environments and the Education Opportunities of the Floating Children from Peasant Laborer Family

This article analyzed some cases of the floating children from the rural labor family who failed to receive the education of their age in Xiangtan,Hunan Province,and concludes that the key problem preventing them from proper education of their age is related to their survival environment: First,the national financial budget to education based on the so called household registration system is the main cause to prevent the floating children from peasant laborer from schooling,and it is necessary to establish a set of policy arrangement in national education finance based on floating population;Second,as the rural laborer's fluidity excessively strong and the local public schools' too high and unfair charge to those floating children,as well as the rural laborers poor education together cause the peasant laborers' child fail to receive proper education and schooling opportunities;Third,without state support,the private school's conditions is very poor and cannot provide a qualified education,also,the psychological burden from the various discriminations against the rural workers prevent the floating children from schooling and qualified education,thus local government need support and legitimize the private school and issue a set of policies to get rid of various restriction and discrimination and accelerates the peasant laborers and their children's fusion process into the urban.