基于突变的项目组合共享资源竞争拥挤研究

对于以项目方式进行管理或生产的企业来说,共享资源在多项目、特别是项目组合(project portfolio,PP)中的合理配置是企业运营所需要解决的重要问题,对企业实现可持续发展起着关键的支撑作用。本文将突变理论引入项目组合管理问题中,在类比交通系统中车辆对交通资源竞争的基础上,提出了项目组合系统共享资源竞争拥挤概念,并对其基础变量进行了详细分析;其次,本文分析了项目组合共享资源竞争拥挤势函数和竞争稳定性,构建了以系统效率最大化为决策目标的项目组合共享资源竞争拥挤模型;最后,通过HD集团的案例分析对项目组合共享资源竞争拥挤模型的可实践性进行了验证,并以此为基础,针对项目组合管理提出了共享资源的改进管理方案。

Competition congestion of shared resources for project portfolio based on catastrophe theory

With the continuous advancement of economic globalization,the strategy of enterprise scaling and business diversification has been favored by managers,creating an opportunity for enterprises to implement multi-project management,especially project portfolio management(PPM).PPM refers to a multi-project management model in which a series of proposed projects are grouped into a collective unit for centralized management.This centralized management model will inevitably exacerbate the competition among projects for limited shared resources,which is not conducive to the realization of organizational goals.However,most of the existing research on PPM focuses on how to scientifically dispatch resources and improve the utilization of project resources.They rarely consider the bottlenecks caused by the imbalance of shared resource supply and allocation in the PPM process.As a result,there is intense competition and crowding of shared resources,which hinders the realization of the optimization objectives of the project portfolio.Therefore,how to rationally allocate limited shared resources,reduce the competition intensity of shared resources between different projects,and achieve smooth and orderly operation of project portfolios has become a management problem that enterprises need to solve urgently.In order to solve this problem scientifically,this paper introduces the catastrophe theory into the field of PPM.On the basis of defining the concept of competition congestion of shared resources for project portfolio(CCSRPP),the space-time characteristics of shared resource competition congestion are described,and the basic characteristics and operating rule under the CCSRPP after mutation are presented.A optimization model of CCSRPP was constructed,and a management scheme to optimize the problem of shared resource crowding was proposed.The research in this paper is divided mainly into three parts:In the first part,based on the competition of vehicles for traffic resources in the analog transportation system,the concept of CCSRPP is proposed,and the spatiotemporal attributes of different shared resources are described.The congestion state and changes in the CCSRPP are explained.In the second part,the paper analyzes the rationality of using the catastrophe theory to study the characteristic of CCSRPP.On the basis of explaining the basic variables,crowding potential function,and competitive stability of the CCSRPP system,the efficiency of the system is maximized.A CCSRPP model can provide a basis for making decisions that are beneficial towards attaining optimization objectives.In the third part,through a case analysis of HD Group,the practicality of the competition and CCSRPP management is verified.Based on this,an improved management scheme for shared resources is proposed for PPM.For enterprises that manage or produce by project,the rational allocation of shared resources over multiple projects–especially within a project portfolio–is an important issue that needs to be addressed in enterprise operations,in order for enterprises to achieve sustainable development,in which resource allocation plays a key supporting role.In order to realize the effective configuration of shared resources,this thesis conducts in-depth research based on the catastrophe theory,analyzes the space-time characteristics of CCSRPP,explains the basic variables,crowded potential function,and competitive stability of the project portfolio shared resource competition system,and finally constructs the project portfolio.CCSRPP can be observed through catastrophe models.The research results show that the CCSRPP model constructed in this paper can not only compensate for the shortcomings of previous research on the relationship between PPM and shared resource allocation,but also provide a basis for managers to make better informed decisions with respect to formulating project flow control and optimizing shared resource allocation.