论现代意识和哲学学科意识的自觉

在“中国向何处去”的追问中包含着先进中国人对于现代意识的自觉。呼唤科学、民主，要求改变中国社会经济结构，批评西方的现代性，都是这种自觉的表现。中国现代哲学家在现代意识的基础上，达到了对于哲学学科的自觉。尽管他们对哲学的理解并不完全相同，各自的侧重点也不一样，但他们都明确地意识到：各门科学成为独立的学科之后，哲学不再是古代那种包罗万象的学科，已成为一门专门的学问；哲学有别于宗教，必须建立在理性的基础上；哲学也有别于科学，研究范围呈现出总体性的特点，是关于世界观和人生观的学问。

On the Awareness of Modern Consciousness and Disciplinary Consciousness of Philosophy

The question of "where should China go" reflects the awareness of modern consciousness in Chinese elite. This awareness manifests itself in those people's calling for science and democracy, demanding a change in China's social and economic structure, and criticizing western modernity. Modern Chinese philosophers have developed the awareness of philosophy as a discipline based on modern consciousness. Although they differ in their understanding of and emphasis on philosophical issues, they all come to realize that: philosophy becomes a particular field of study, instead of an all-inclusive science, after different disciplines become independent; philosophy differs from religion in that it is based on rationalism; and philosophy also differs from science in that its scope of study displays an overall and whole nature, and deals with world outlook and outlook on life.