公平理念在中国:改革开放40年社会保障事业回顾和展望

公平正义是中国特色社会主义的内在要求。改革开放40年以来,中国政府不断提高对社会保障事业注意力强度,始终践行公平理念,一系列政策法规陆续颁布并实施,逐步推进社会保障内容从单一到多元的转变,社会保障覆盖范围从城市到农村的延伸,社会保障质量从低水平到高层次的提升。根据斯塔西·亚当斯提出的公平理论,地区间的社会保障支出是否存在差异,显著影响人们的公平感知,通过起点公平、过程公平和结果公平10个指标的数据分析,结果显示中国31个省份(自治区、直辖市)的社会保障支出不断增加,然而地区间资金供给并不均衡,但多数指标相对差异在缩小。进一步扩大社会保障的覆盖面,规范社会保障资金筹集和支出,补齐短板,是十三五期间推进社会保障制度公平可持续发展的必由之路。

The Idea of Fairness in China: The Review and Prospect of Social Security in the Past 40 Years since the Reform and Opening up

Fairness and justice are the inherent requirements of Chinese characteristics. Since 40 years of the reform and opening up, our government has continuously increased its attention to social security, and has always practiced the concept of fairness. A series of policies and regulations have been promulgated and implemented, gradually promoting the content of social security from single to multiple, extending the coverage of social security from urban to rural areas, and upgrading the quality of social security from low level to high level. According to Stacy Adams equity theory, whether there are differences in social security expenditure among regions has a significant impact on peoples perception of fairness. Through data analysis of 10 indicators of starting fairness, process fairness and result fairness, the results show that social security expenditure in 31 provinces is increasing continuously, but the inter-regional capital supply is not balanced. However, the relative differences of most indicators are narrowing. Further expanding the coverage of social security, standardizing the collection and expenditure of social security funds and making up for shortcomings are the way to promote the fair and sustainable development of social security system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period.