城市化、分权与农村生活的重组

文章关注于发展中国家城市化的当代模式,并探讨这些模式对农村发展的涵义。发展中国家的不同国家和地区之间的城市化并不是统一的模式,且当代城市化模式所导致的在农村-城市联系中经济和社会多样性的程度是前所未有的。移民和分权是城市化在微观层次的两方面。城市化必然意味着或是永久的或是暂时的从农村流向城市的人口的净转移,而这些移民也对农村地区不平等产生了影响。而发展中国家城市化的一个新特征表现在它是伴随着行政的分权而发生的。分权的一个结果是使影响地方发展的行动者增加,另一个结果是没有任何一个人可以垄断资源或外部联系和信息。

Urbanization , Power Disparting and Integration of Rural Life

This paper focuses on contemporary patterns of urbanization in the developing world and considers their implications for rural development. Contemporary urbanization is not uniform between countries and regions of the developing world. And the degree of economic and social diversity in rural-urban relations that contemporary urbanization patterns introduce are, I argue, greater than in previous periods. Urbanization affects the migration and de-centralization of the developing world. Urbanization necessarily implies the net transfer of population on either a permanent or a temporary basis from rural to urban areas. The migration has impact on inequality of the rural area. A new characteristic of urbanization in the developing world is that it is accompanied by administrative decentralization. One outcome of the administrative decentralization is the multiplication of actors that affect local development. Another is the likely lack of monopoly of any one actor over resources or external contacts and information.