被社会环境造就与造就社会环境——论小说中人物与社会环境关系的特殊形态

小说创作有三个要素：人物、情节、环境。小说中人物与环境的关系通常解释为：＂环境是人物展开交往和活动的具体场所。＂但在以著名历史人物为原型的小说中,人物与环境出现了复杂的情形,环境尤其是社会环境并不只是人物展开交往和活动的场所,还是人物性格形成的重要因素;著名历史人物对社会环境的改变也着极为重要的作用。《斯巴达克思》和《上尉的女儿》就是如此。

Shaping or Being Shaped by Social Environment：On the Relationships Between Characters and Social Environment

There are three elements in the novel creation：characters,plot and environment.What is the relationship between characters and environment？The usual answer is that the environment is the actual place where character interacts with each other.But in the novels with historical figures as prototypes,their relationship becomes complex.The environment not only provides places for characters’activities,but also shapes characters’features.And the historical figures also play an important role in changing the social environment.Spartacus and The Captain＇s Daughter are typical of this creation.