1920年代末文学知识分子的思想困境与唯物史观文学论的兴起

1928年到1932年,新文学文坛上兴起译介唯物史观文学论的潮流。这一潮流并非对政治革命的简单呼应,它有着更普遍的社会基础:唯物史观作为一种“新科学”提供了对社会、历史的整体性理解并指示青年介入社会实践的路径,它对现代文学观念造成的精神危机产生救正作用。同时,它也使得“无产阶级文学运动”的重心从初期的“意识斗争”转向以知识论的方式把握新世界观,这在一定程度上减弱了阶级意识转化的复杂性与内在紧张感。左翼青年在译介过程中对唯物史观文学论内部多样性与现实感的忽视与弱化则表现出他们在接受新思想时的根本缺陷。而鲁迅翻译唯物史观文学论所持的原则、立场与此恰好形成对照:即,不是把新兴思想作为自我解救的途径,而是把新兴思想的接受看作发现自我真实状况和面对真实状况的契机。

Difficulties of the 1920s Literature Intelligentsia and the Rise of Historical Materialist Literary Theory

From 1928 to 1932,there was a trend of translating historical materialist literature theory.This trend wasn't simple echo of revolution.It had a more general basis:as a “new science”,historical materialism provided an entire understanding of society and history.Seen as a way to participate in social practice,it could extricate the literature intelligentsia from a predicament.At the same time,it transferred the focus of “proletariat literature movement” from a “consciousness struggle” to a “new word outlook.” However,in the course of translation,the left wing youth usually lacked a sense of reality and ignored the variety and difference of many historical materialism literature theories.And Lu Xun's point of translation was different from that.He didn't want to merely redeem himself through translating new theories,but regarded this chance of accepting a new thought as an opportunity to rediscover the reality about himself.