表述的民间信仰与族群认同——以四川贵琼藏族的羊年会为例

民间信仰的多重表述,是在特定情境下进行的.这个过程是在地方、精英、政治、经济、文化等因素参与和影响下动态产生的.本文以文献为主、结合田野调查.考察了四川省贵琼藏族地区羊年会文本的多样形态,分析了为何被表述为"这样"的原因,讨论了多样性的羊年会与贵琼人的关系.本文认为,多样化的羊年会文本里,都有共同的、不变的信仰核心贯穿其中.羊年会成了贵琼人内部文化认同的重要内容.而不同的考察者在特定情境下.受多种因素影响,将民俗事件存在的羊年会,一次性地文本化为民俗事象.而形成了多样形态的羊年会.考察这种文本化的民间信仰时,我们要详加考辨文本背后的情境性因素,方能体会到民间信仰在书写过程中,被遮蔽了的即时的和鲜活的因素.在田野考察中,我们应该将民间信仰详细全面地记录下来.而不是将文化事件虚脱成一张文化之皮.

Representation of Folk Belief and Ethnic Identity——An analysis of Yang Nian Hui of Gui Qiong Tibetans in Sichuan

It is under certain circumstances that folk belief represents itself in many ways.The process of its representation is fulfilled by the combination of local,elite,political and economical factors.Mainly based on documents and combined with fieldwork,the essay analyzes different texts of YangNianHui of Gui Qiong Tibetans in Sichuan Province and deals with the question why it is represented 'this ' way.It also discusses the connection between various YangNianHui and Gui Qiong Tibetans.The essay proclaims that there is a solid and unchangeable belief runs through various texts of YangNianHui,which becomes an important content of local cultural identity.Under certain circumstance and influenced by different factors,different observers textualize YangNianHui as folk phenomena once and for all and forms various YangNianHui.In order to better understand textualized folk belief,we should research conditions that are behind the text to capture instant and live factors during the writing process of folk belief.During field work,we should write down folk belief carefully and thoroughly,rather than simplifying cultural event superficially.