论社会权可诉性的宪政之路

社会权作为基本权利,不仅具有主观权属性,也具有客观法属性,这为社会权可诉性的"司法与准司法"路径提供了宪法依据。宪法诉讼是社会权在宪法层面可诉性的本源路径,我国宪法诉讼应采用"最低限度主义",通过运用宪法明示性条款直接保护社会权、通过审判发现宪法中的默示性社会权等方式缓慢稳妥地促进社会权的司法保护。宪法解释是中国语境下社会权可诉性的路径,我国宪法解释宜采用"原旨主义"解释方式。在宪法层面,通过对宪法条文涵义与国家政策的宪法解释来保护社会权;在民法层面,通过对基本权利的第三人效力的解释来保护社会权;在行政诉讼法层面,通过肯定性行政救济手段与扩大行政诉讼法的受案范围来保护社会权。

Constitutional Road of Justiciability of Social Rights

As fundamental rights,the social rights not only have the attribute of the subjective right,but also the attribute of the objective law,which provided a constitutional basis to "Judicial and quasi-judicial" path of justiciability of social Rights.The constitutional litigation is the original path of social Rights on constitutional level.Our constitutional litigation should adopt "Judicial Minimalism",by using express provision of constitution to protect social rights directly,by discovering implicative social rights in constitution through adjudgment,to promote the judicial protection of social rights slowly and steadily.The constitutional interpretation is the path of justiciability of social rights in the context of China.Our constitutional interpretation should adopt the interpretation way of "Originalism" to protect social rights,on constitutional level,by constitutional interpretation of constitutional provisions and national policy;on civil law level,by interpretation of third-party effect of fundamental rights;on administrative procedural law level,by affirmative administrative relief means and expanding the scope of administrative litigation.