文化生态学视野下的《诗》研究

《诗》研究一直被经学、文学两大传统所左右，研究成果往往因囿于学科视野狭窄而产生偏颇。文化生态学视野下的《诗》研究，则试图将《诗》研究的经学和文学两大传统融合起来，并引进历史学、文化人类学、文化诗学的理论，将《诗》放在具体的、历史的文化语境中，对其做跨学科、交叉性、汇通性的全面观照，从而揭示出《诗》的丰富性与复杂性。在文化生态学阔大的研究视野之下，《诗》研究中的许多学术难点，如《诗》之发生与成书、《诗》之“雅”“颂”的文化价值、《诗》之“变风”“变雅”的缘由以及《诗》之“十一国风”的艺术风格，都变得逐渐明晰起来或得到了较为合理的解释。而且，通过对《诗》的文化生态学研究，《诗》与诸子百家的关系也慢慢被梳理、提升出来，《诗》之“变”打破了“雅”、“颂”时代的王官之学的一家独大和思想禁锢，《诗》之“十一国风”则开拓出了士大夫的自由风气、忧患意识、批判精神、家国情怀，这些都为诸子之学的“百家争鸣”开风气之先。

On Book of Songs in the View of Cultural Ecology

The research of Book of Songs has been biased for the great influence of the two traditions： Confucian classics study and literature. The study on Book of Songs in the view of cultural ecology tries to combine the two traditions of Confucian classics study and literature, using the theories of history, cultur- al ecology and the poetics of culture. Then it reveals the abundance and complexity of Book of Songs by doing a comprehensive research of interdisciplinary, interseetional and connected in a specific and historic context. In the great view of cultural ecology, many academic difficulties of Book of Songs has been explained reasonably, such as the beginning of Book of Songs, the cultural value of ＂Ya Song＂, the reason of ＂Bian Feng Bian Ya＂ and the artistic style of ＂Guo Feng of eleven little countries＂. Moreover, by the research on Book Of Songs in the view of cultural ecology, the relations between Book of Songs and hundred schools of thought are being explained. The development of Book Of Songs breaks the thought authority and imprisonment of orthodox learning of Zhou dynasty in ＂Ya Song＂ period. ＂Guo Feng of eleven little countries＂ reveal the free atmosphere, awareness of the unexpected, critical spirit and country feelings, leading the spirit of contention of a hundred schools of thought.