先秦儒家对“乡愿”的批驳原因探析

先秦儒家所提及的“乡愿”代表一种人格类型。这种人格类型与现今社会上的“老好人”“好好先生”在表现上契合。这类 人没有原则,为了一己之私可以放弃公义,对国家与社会的长治久安带来隐患。先秦儒家早就对“乡愿”做了批驳,认为乡愿是 “德之贼”。从两个层次来阐述全文：第一层次分析先前儒家代表们对“乡愿”的态度表现为批驳;第二层次分析先秦儒家对“乡 愿”批驳的原因。经过分析,原因如下,第一,与理想人格大相径庭;第二,异化和丑化了“中庸”“中行”;第三,乡愿行为与提倡 儒学人群的担当不符;第四,乡愿曲解了儒家推崇的“礼”。

Analysis of the Reasons for the Confusion's Criticism of "the Hypocrite" in the Pre-Qin Dynasty

the pre-Qin Confucian mentioned "the Hypocrite" represents one kind of personality types. This type of personality fits well with the a yes-man in today''s society. This type of people do not have principle who can abandon justice in order to get profits which will bring bad influence to national society. The pre-Qin Confucianism have criticized them long since, who deemed that they were "the thief of morality". In this paper, the author wants to expound the full text from two parts. The first part is the analysis of the previous Confucian representatives'' attitude to the "the hypocrite"-criticism. The second part is trying to analyze the reasons why the pre-Qin Confucians refuted the "the hypocrite ". After analysis, the reasons are as follows: first, big difference from ideal personality; second, alienation and dissimilation of the middle of the meaning; third, the hypocrite is different from the promotion of the Confucian people''s responsibility; fourth, the type of the hypocrite misinterpreted "zhouli" which Confucianism adored.