凉山彝族自发移民反贫困效应研究

经过不同阶段扶贫政策的推动，凉山州广大贫困群众逐渐实现了脱贫奔康。从整体上看，全州发展短板逐渐得到补齐， 经济发展动力强劲。但从局部看，高海拔地区由于地理区位偏远、自然条件恶劣等客观限制难以根本性改变，产业和医疗教育 如何提质升级、老百姓脱贫后如何实现致富、如何实现乡村振兴等方面依然面临巨大挑战。人口向城镇集中、向发展条件更优 越的地方迁徙是一个国家现代化过程中普遍出现的现象，也是贫困地区人民群众追求美好生活的体现。20世纪90年代以来， 部分高海拔地区有闯劲、能创新的彝族群众不愿苦熬守穷，自发向河谷地带、城镇周边等发展条件相对优越地区搬迁，走出了 一条成本低、能发展的脱贫致富之路——“自发移民”。

Study on the Effect of Ethnic Yi People's Self-initiated Migration to Fight Poverty in Liangshan Region

After the boost by anti-poverty policies at different stages in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, the vast majority of impoverished Yi people have rid of poverty and become better-off, and Liangshan region now enjoys a strong economic development momentum. However, the depressed situation of Yi people in high mountain areas has not changed much and people there still suffer from poverty because of poor natural conditions, difficult infrastructural constructions and scarce public services. To solve the problem, some Yi people in mountainous areas begin to immigrate spontaneously to relatively advantageous areas and the majority of them have been relieved of poverty.