《离骚》隐赋“历数”考论———兼论《离骚》作者为刘安

《离骚》作为赋体文学作品,继承了荀子《赋篇》的“隐”的传统,以“历数”为隐,寄寓了作者对现实政治的批判以及改革、更新政治的主张.《离骚》的作者是淮南王刘安,不是屈原,《离骚》是作者应汉武帝之命而作.《离骚》的写作时间在汉武帝建元二年（公元前139年）,其写作关乎武帝时代诸侯王地位日益微弱,朝廷疑忌日深的形势;作者作为“反王之后”的诸侯王忧谗畏讥,希望武帝消除对自己的疑虑,这是《离骚》题旨的重要方面.《离骚》之被认为屈原作,大约源于刘安的托名,托名他人,一方面这是一种文化传统;另一方面,由于《离骚》的以历为隐,表现了作者“改正朔,易服色”的主张,而当时的实际掌权者窦太后反对这种主张,为避不测,作者于是既托名屈原又将“历事”隐去.

A STUDY ON ＂METAPHOR＂ TECHNIQUE AND ＂CALENDAR＂ IMPLICATION OF LISAO Research about Liu An is the Author of ＂Lisao＂

Lisao（离骚 ）, the ＂Fu＂（赋 ）-style poem, inherits the tradition of ＂mataphor＂ （隐） technique discovered in Discussion of Fu （赋篇） of Xunzi （荀子）. Through symbolic uses of calendar, Lisao expresses the author＇ criticizing of the political situation as well as his assertion of reformation in a euphemistic way. The author of Lisao is not Qu Yuan （屈原）, but Liu An, the King of Huainan （淮南王刘安）. The writing of Lisao was demanded by the Emperor Wu of Han （汉武帝） and was completed in 139 BC （建元二年）. The writing of Lisao was against the background of the declination of vassal states ＇power and the increasing suspicion of central government. As a descendant of a rebellion Prince, Liu An was always worried about slanders and wanted to dispel the distrust of Emperor Wu of Han, which is an important motif of Lisao. I assume that Liu An＇ s writing Lisao under the name of Qu Yuan can explain the conventional wisdom of ascribing Lisao to Qu Yuan. In this paper, I present two reasons for that. On one hand, to write something important under notable＇s name is a cultural tradition; on the other hand, as Liu An＇s political opinion of ＂Changing the commencement of the year and month; and altering the color of dress＂ （改正朔,易服色） could not be approved by the real sovereign Empress Dou （窦皇后）, in order to avoid blames, he then wrote Lisao under the name of Qu Yuan as well as concealed the direct expressions of calendar.