话语的对话性与诗学问题——巴赫金话语理论研究之二

话语具有对话性是巴赫金话语理论的核心思想。对话性体现在两个层面：首先，话语在称述自己的对象的时候，会与他人话语产生对话；其次，话语的对话性体现在话语的说出总是以听者的存在为前提，以获得应答与对话为目的。根据话语对话性在形式结构形态上的呈现与否，巴赫金将文体作了小说与诗歌的划分。在此基础上，巴赫金认为，与自然科学相比，诗学等人文社会科学的本质特征就在于它们以话语作为存在方式，且具有一种内在的对话性。

On the Issues of Dialogism and Poetics of Discourse——Research on Bakhtin's Discourse Theory(Ⅱ)

It is the core in Bakhtin’s theory that discourse possesses the feature of dialogism,which is shown in two aspects.Firstly,when discourse is used to address its object,it produces dialogue with other discourses;secondly,the dialogism of discourse is presented with the precondition that the listener does exist,and its purpose is to acquire reply and dialogue.Based on whether dialogism is presented or not in structure and form,Bakhtin classifies text style into novel and poem,and he further thinks that compared with natural sciences,the essence of social sciences such as poetics lies in that it takes discourse as its way of existence,and it has an internal dialogism.