FDI和R&D对经济增长的动态影响———基于中国20年面板数据的实证分析简

本文采用1991－2010年我国省际面板数据,分别从整个样本期、1991－2000年、2001－2010年考察了 FDI和 R＆D对我国经济增长的动态影响。实证结果表明,R＆D对我国经济增长的贡献经历了一个从不显著到显著的正影响过程,而且R＆D对我国经济增长的贡献大于FDI；尽管在整个样本期FDI对我国经济增长的影响显著为正,但由于外资企业对我国国内企业竞争负效应的增强和技术外溢效应的减弱,使得 FDI 对我国经济增长的贡献由1991－2000年的显著正影响转为2001－2010年的不显著负影响。因此,我国需要积极鼓励国内企业以跨国并购的方式走出去,积极与外国 R＆D机构开展合作,提升我国企业的技术水平和 R＆D实力,扭转近年来 FDI在我国经济增长中的负效应局面。

Dynamic Effects of FDI and R ＆ D on Economic Growth：Empirical Analysis Based on 20 Years＇ Panel Data in China

By adopting the inter-provincial panel data （1991-2010）in China and based on the sample periods （1991-2000;2001-2010）,the present paper examines the dynamic impact of FDI and R ＆D on China＇s economic growth.The empirical findings show that the contributions of R ＆D to China＇s economic growth have experienced a positive impact process from being non-significant to significant. The contribution of R ＆D to China＇s economic growth is greater than that of FDI.Although the impact of FDI on China＇s economic growth was significantly positive during the whole sample periods,the increase of the negative competitive effects brought about by the foreign-owned enterprises on China＇s domestic enterprises and the decrease of the technical export have made FDI＇s contribution to China＇s economic growth change from its significant positive impact in the period （1991-2000）to the insignificant negative impact in the period （2001-2010）.Therefore,China needs to greatly encourage the domestic enterprises to cooperate with foreign R ＆D institutions through transnational mergers and acquisitions.In this way,the technology and R ＆ D of China＇s enterprises will be greatly elevated and strengthened to eliminate the negative effects of FDI on China＇s economic growth in recent years.