美国联邦官僚系统的自主性和政治控制

在美国的多元政治体制下,其联邦官僚系统保持着一定程度的自主性。与之同时,又接受着来自国会、总统和社会利益集团等多种政治主体的影响和控制,形成"一仆二主"乃至"一仆多主"的现象。基于美国的民主原则,美国联邦官僚系统必须回应来自政治系统的意愿和利益要求,接受其监督,同时凭借自身的专业技术能力及其他职业性资源,又保持着相对独立性,呈现出美国政治中特有的政治行政关系结构和特征。

The Autonomy and Political Control of American Federal Bureaucracy

Under the pluralistic political system of the United States,the federal bureaucracy maintains a degree of autonomy,meanwhile,it has to accept political influence and control from many political subjects such as Congress,the President,social interest groups and so on,forming the phenomenon of "a servant with two masters" and even "a servant with multi-masters".According to American democratic principles,the federal bureaucracy must respond to the aspirations and interest requirements from the political system and accept its supervision;at the same time,by virtue of professional and technical capacity and other professional resources,the federal bureaucracy has also remained a relative independence.It presents the unique structure and characteristics of political-administrative relationship of American politics.