中国针对美国232调查进行反制的合法性分析

从国际法的角度分析,美国政府进行232调查不符合GATT第1条和第2条,且实质上为保障措施。DSU的严格规定导致中国的反制困难重重,其合法性的证明只能从WTO体系外的国际法入手,因而《维也纳条约法公约》第60条“重大违约”有成为DSU例外条款的可能性。在DSU无法为我国提供反制依据的情况下,一般国际法在特殊法领域可能存在适用的空间；通过引用《维也纳条约法公约》第31条,可以使得引用WTO体系外条款具备合理性。

Analysis of the Legality of China's Countermeasures against the U.S. Section 232 Investigation

From the perspective of international law, Section 232 investigation conducted by the U.S. government are not in conformity with Articles 1 and 2 of GATT, and are essentially safeguards. The strict provisions of DSU make it very difficult for China to counter-act. The proof of its legitimacy can only start from international law outside the WTO system. Therefore, Article 60 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaty "material breach of a multilateral treaty" has the possibility of becoming an exception clause of DSU. In the case that DSU can not provide the basis for countervailing measures for China, there may be room for general international law to apply in the field of special law. By citing Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaty, it can make it reasonable to quote the provisions outside the WTO system.