论少数民族全国人大代表保障名额规定符合宪法平等原则

我国《选举法》规定:人口特少的民族至少应有一名全国人大代表。这种对少数民族当选保障名额的规定,是以民族为标准,在全国人大代表名额的分配上对少数民族实施的一种优惠措施,其是否符合宪法平等原则遭人质疑。事实上,该规定所产生的民族差别待遇,是以形式上的不平等追求实质上的平等,具有正当性;且由于该差别待遇的目的是给予少数民族合理补偿,提高其政治参与机会,因此,在对该规定是否符合宪法平等原则进行审查时应采用最低限度的审查基准。

The Quota System on the Ethnic Deputy to the National People's Congress in Line with the Equality Principle of Constitution

Electoral law of China stipulates that a small ethnic minority should have one deputy at least to the NPC.As a privilege,the quota is questioned about conformity with the equality principle of Constitution.This paper argues that the different treatment according to the nationality is legitimate because the rule is in conformity with an actual equality even though not with a nominal equality.Because the aim of the different treatment is to provide some ethnic minorities with an appropriate compensation and increase the chance of their political participation,we should use the lowest standard when examining if the rule is in line with the equality principle.