后现代视野下的戏仿研究——兼谈琳达·哈琴的后现代戏仿观

戏仿是后现代文学中最常见的艺术手法,也是理解和评价整个后现代主义的关键。后现代戏仿跟传统戏仿有很大不同,它不是单纯的＂戏＂或＂仿＂,而是一种保持批判距离的重复;它不是现代主义戏仿那种单纯的文本自我指涉,而是在看似内向的形式下使文本再次面向世界;它也非詹姆逊所批评的对历史不负责任的拼贴游戏,而是在戏仿历史的同时,将历史观念本身问题化,进而形成更广泛的社会政治批判。

A postmodern perspective for the study of parody:Linda Hutcheon's theory of parody

Parody,one of the most commonly-used devices of postmodern literature,is the key for understanding and evaluating postmodernism as a whole.Postmodern parody is not the same as traditional parody.Being neither simple ＂play＂ nor ＂imitation＂,it is a kind of repetition with critical distance.Contrary to modernist parody which is textually self-reflexive,postmodern parody,though seemingly introverted,opens the text to the world again.Furthermore,it is anything but the historically irresponsive ＂pastiche＂ as is denounced by Frederic Jameson.While seemingly parodizing history,it actually is to problematize our common-sense historical knowledge,hence directing to wider social and political criticism.