健康冲击、基本医疗保险与老年人“退而不休”

在我国进入深度老龄化、劳动力供给不足的背景下,探究健康以及基本医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响对未来合理有效开发老年人力资源具有重要意义。本文使用四期CHARLS数据将健康冲击、医疗保险与老年人退而不休放在一个统一的分析框架中,分别考察了健康冲击、新农合以及城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响,并进一步探究了医疗保险对老年人退而不休影响的健康异质性。结果表明:健康冲击对老年人退而不休意愿和劳动时间均有显著正向促进效应,且对劳动时间的影响有明显城乡差异,对农村地区影响更大。新农合会明显激励农村老年人选择退而不休,发生比率提高为未参合时的3.59倍,但会降低劳动时间,全年平均减少了21.21天;而城镇职工医疗保险对老年人退而不休意愿没有显著影响,但会增加劳动时间,全年平均增加了13.92天,且对劳动时间供给更多的个体,其激励效应逐渐减弱。同时,医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响还存在性别差异,其中新农合对女性退而不休意愿影响更大,但对劳动时间并没有显著的性别差异;而职工医疗保险对女性退而不休意愿、对男性劳动时间影响更大。此外,本文还发现医疗保险对老年人退而不休的影响存在健康异质性,对健康变差的群体影响更大。

Health Impact,Basic Medical Insurance and the Reemployment after Retirement of the Elderly

Under the background of deep aging and insufficient labor supply in China, exploring the impact of health and basic medical insurance on the reemployment after retirement of the elderly is of great significance to the rational and effective development of elderly human resources in the future. Based on the data of four periods of CHARLS, this paper puts health impact, medical insurance and the reemployment after retirement of the elderly into a unified analysis framework to investigate the effect of health impact, new rural cooperative medical system and urban employee medical insurance on the reemployment after retirement of the elderly and further explores the health heterogeneity of medical insurance affecting the reemployment after retirement of the elderly. The results show that health impact has a significant positive effect on the elderly’s willingness of reemployment and working time after retirement, while the impact on working time shows significant differences between urban and rural areas with especially bigger impacts in rural areas. The New Rural Cooperative Medical Association obviously encourages the rural elderly to choose reemployment with a increase of 3.59 working times compared with when they are out of the Cooperative Medical Association, while it can reduce the working time with an average of 21.21 days a year with increasing weak encourage to those individuals with more supply of working time. Meanwhile, the effect of medical insurance differs by gender. On one hand, the cooperative medical association has more effect on the women’s willingness of reemployment after retirement, but there is no obvious gender differences in working time. On the other hand, the employee medical insurance has a greater impact on women’s willingness of reemployment and on men’s working hours. However, there is health heterogeneity in the impact of medical insurance on the reemployment of the elderly with greater impact on the groups with poor health.