儒家认识论的基本视域

中国哲学史载述着中华民族特质的认识论.儒家的认识论思想主体地支持了中国哲学大系.儒家的认识思想着落在人的主体性的发见和培养上,"观乎天文以察时变"与"观乎人文以化成天下",是其哲学认识论的早期使命预设.后来的思想发展,其倾重点投注在"观乎人文以化成天下"的认知与践行上.这就建立起了人文特性的认识论.这一民族哲学特色,与古希腊哲学以自然宇宙为认知对象、宗教哲学以上帝、神、佛为认知对象的特征相参较,形成了独特的品格."天人之辨"的理性精神、知识与道德并进的价值意识、心性与义理同臻的主体资质,是儒家认识论的基本视域.

The Elemental Categories of the Confucian Epistemology

The history of the Chinese philosophy conveyed its epistemology with the Chinese nation's characters, and the Confucian epistemology has mainly structured this philosophy system. The Confucian epistemology laid special emphasis on discovery and cultivation of personality for the members of the Chinese nation. To observe the universe to know its changes, and to realize the human affairs to cultivate human reasons were this school's original mission anticipation. With advancing of intellectualism, this philosophy laid its emphasis on cognizance and practice of cultivation for human rationality. That is why the Confucian epistemology is one with human affairs. People may consult and deliberate this philosophy with ancient Greek philosophy and religious philosophy that the former took the nature as its objects, and the latter took God, deity and Buddha as their objects. Through our above-mentioned realizing and comparing, we may put forth the following viewpoints: First is the rational concepts on distinguishing between man and nature; second is the value consciousness on advancing ethics together with cognition; and the third is the practice for human natural disposition on raising both constitution and principles. All of these are the main categories of the Confucian epistemology.