近代报刊"喉舌论"考辨

在近代报刊发展初期,自由主义是使“喉舌”获得自由的主义,“喉舌论”是使言论自由成为现实的理论。戊戌变法前后,维新变法人士的报刊“喉舌论”,首先是要求封建专制统治者还民众以话语权,给民众以监督官吏、监督政治、监督社会、变法图强的政治权力;其次,他们还十分强调报刊“去塞求通”的“喉舌”功能,这是他们对启蒙民众,宣讲民主、科学的真理,沟通社会上下和国家内外信息以变革社会的话语制权的强调。辛亥革命前后,资产阶级民主革命派的报刊“喉舌论”,则是要求其报刊成为宣传革命思想、推翻帝制统治、建立资产阶级民主共和国的“喉舌”,掌控革命舆论的话语制权。

On the Mouthpiece view of Early Modern Press

In the early period of modern press development,liberalism endowed mouthpiece with freedom and Mouthpiece View became the theory to turn "freedom of speech" into practice.Round about the Reform Movement of 1898,the Mouthpiece View of the reformists' press asked that the rulers of feudal system should give back people the speech right and political right to monitor politician,politics and society as well as to reform and develop.The reformists also emphasized the function of "smooth communication without obstruction" of Mouthpiece,which refers to enlighten people,publicize democracy and science and communicate up and down information both at home and abroad to reform the social speech restriction.Round about the Revolution of 1911,the Mouthpiece View of bourgeois-democratic revolutionary press required that the press become mouthpiece to publicize revolutionary ideas,turn over the imperial rule,set up mouthpiece of bourgeois-democratic republic and control the revolutionary speech.