此“游”不逍遥——评杜甫生平与创作

杜甫一生处于"游"之中,是"游"成就了杜甫"诗圣"、"诗史"之誉,又是诗歌记录了杜甫"游"的一生.杜甫之游有种种,归纳起来,大致有四,即为追求济世报国理想的实现而宦游;为友谊、结交名人而交游;为好奇养气、满足文化兴趣而赏游;为改变个体生存的饥困状态以及难以安宁的心境而不得不客游.其中,宦游是杜甫之"游"的主要形式,交游、客游在很大程度上都是以仕宦为其目的,"客游"是终其一生之"游"的总状貌,而"苦游"则是终其一生之"游"的总性质.杜甫之"游"是屈原之"游"的一脉相承,与庄子"逍遥游"的精神实质不同.

This Tour Is Not Free--A Comment on Du Fu''''s Life and Works

Du Fu had been always touring throughout his life. It is the touring which enables him to attain the honor as the Holy Poet and Historical Poet, and it is poems which record his whole touring life. The tour in Du Fu's life falls into four kinds: the official tour in pursuit of his ideal to repay the country and relieve the world, the friendship tour to make acquaintances with well-known talents of the age, the pleasure tour to cultivate taste and personality and satisfy his own curiosity for cultural interests, and the wandering tour intended to escape from his individual state of living pressed by poverty and hunger and to bring tranquility and comfort against mental sufferings. Among these four, the official one is the main form in Du Fu's life because the purpose of friendship and wandering tours are to a great extent official. The wandering tour represents the general condition of his whole life with the characteristics of great depression and bitterness. Du Fu's tour can be compared with that of Qu Yuan's, both differing from Chuang Zhu's free annd unfettered tour in spirit.