勾践“长颈鸟喙”别论 ——兼为品观电视连续剧《越王勾践》的一种参考

东周时代兴越灭吴、称霸中原的越王勾践，长期享有“长颈鸟喙，可与共患难，不可与共荣乐”的恶谥。然而考察历史可以发现，吴越矛盾既不可避免，勾践之兴越灭吴并“北观兵中国，以尊周室”，实有益于吴越两国人民并有利于当时整个“国际局势”的良性发展，其正义性无可置疑；在文种借故不朝之后，勾践隐忍长达一年，最终才将其赐死，是多种因素作用的结果，绝非所谓“长颈鸟喙”劣根性的表现。史载勾践无他不道之事，代有识见卓伟之人如韩愈、苏轼、王若虚对范蠡、文种发出诛心之论，令人警醒，足可还此一公案之本来面目。

Another Interpretation of King Gou Jian's "Long Neck and Beak-shaped Mouth": A Reference to the Teleplay Goujian Monarch of the Kingdom of Yue

Gou Jian （520？ B. C. -465 B. C. ） , Monarch of the Kingdom of Yue during the Eastern Zhou dynasty （770 B. C. -221 B. C. ） famous for his legendary conquering of the Kingdom of Wu and becoming an overlord among all vassals, has long been attacked as ＂with a long neck and a beak-shaped mouth, indicating an insidious man with whom one could share woe but not weal＂. An in-depth study of the history shows, however, that, while the conflict between the two kingdoms was inevitable, Gou Jian＇s conquering of his neighboring kingdom proves beneficial to the people in both kingdoms as well as to the then ＂international situation＂, thereby justifying his act of war. As to his execution of Wen Zhong （ ？ B.C. -467 B. C. ） , one of his most important aids who had helped him defeat his enemy, a year after Wen refused to fulfill his duty as an official, it is attributed to many complicated factors, far beyond a simple matter of his insidious appearance. According to the history, King Gou Jian had nothing that could not be shared with others. The insightful discussions on Fan Li （517 B.C. -448 B. C. ） and Wen Zhong made by some outstanding scholars later in the history, such as Han Yu （768 -824）, Su Shi （1037 -1101 ） and Wang Ruoxu （1174 -1243）, merit our attention today, as they suffice for telling a true story of what happened in the history.