关税与成本变动下零售商主导的跨境双渠道供应链定价决策

构建了零售商为Stackelberg领导者的跨境供应链博弈模型，通过引入关税、国际运输成本等因素并分析关税变动对跨国供应链产品定价和各成员利润的影响。结果表明：随着产品关税的增加，国内制造商产品A批发价格会增加、产品A直销价格和境外制造商产品B批发价格会减少，而关税变动对零售商定价决策的影响与消费者价格敏感系数有关；本国加征关税会使得国内制造商利润增加、境外制造商利润减少，而关税增加对零售商利润影响与消费者价格敏感系数有关：只有当消费者价格敏感系数较大时，本国关税上调才会使得国内零售商利润增加；随着境外产品B国际运输成本的增加，产品A、B批发价格会减少，而产品A、B零售价格都会增加，供应链中各成员利润都会减少。

Retailer-Dominated Pricing Decision of Cross-Border Dual-Channel Supply Chain under Tariff and Cost Changes

With the advancement of economic globalization and the continuous improvement of transnational logistics and payment technologies, China’s transnational trade has ushered in a golden period of rapid development. However, due to the growing trade conflict between China and the United States, high tariffs have led to a significant increase in the cost of product transactions, and China’s cross-border supply chain development is facing severe challenges. Thus, the optimal pricing and equilibrium decision-making of cross-border supply chains under tariff changes needs to be resolved. In this paper, a multinational supply chain game model consisting of a domestic manufacturer, a multinational manufacturer and a domestic retailer is constructed, in which the retailer is the leader of Stackelberg. By introducing tariffs, international transportation costs and other factors, the impact of tariff changes on the pricing of multinational supply chain products and the profit of each member is explored. The results show that: As offline channel trade tariff increases, the wholesale price of domestic manufacturer's product A will increase, while the direct selling price of product A and the wholesale price of overseas manufacturer's product B will decrease, and the impact of tariff changes on retailer pricing decisions is related to consumer price sensitivity coefficient. The increase in domestic tariffs will increase the profit of domestic manufacturers and reduce the profits of overseas manufacturers. The change in retailer profits is also affected by the consumer price sensitivity factor: only when the consumer price sensitivity coefficient is large, the tariff increase of domestic products can improve retailer’s profits. Besides, with the increase of international transportation costs, the wholesale prices of products A and B will decrease, the retail prices of products A and B will increase, and the profits of members in the supply chain will decrease. Theoretical system of the global supply channel supply chain further and these conclusions provide a basis for decision making for corporate decision-making in global supply chain members.