不同冷链服务模式下生鲜农产品供应链决策

基于单物流服务商、单供应商和单零售商构成的生鲜农产品供应链，构建3种冷链服务模式：承诺模式、提前要求模式与延后要求模式，探讨不同冷链服务模式对定价与冷链服务水平、企业绩效的影响。研究发现：某种冷链服务模式是否有利于消减数量与质量损耗依赖于产品易腐性、冷链服务成本及其分担比例。供应链成员无法在承诺模式与提前要求模式下形成统一的模式偏好。当物流服务商承担的冷链服务成本比例较低时，相比于提前要求模式，供应商偏好承诺模式，否则，偏好提前要求模式。承诺模式比提前要求模式更有利于物流服务商，然而对于零售商，结果正好相反。数值实验表明，虽然供应链成员无法对冷链服务模式形成整体的一致性偏好，但仍可实现局部的一致性偏好。

Impact of Cold-chain Service Modes on Decisions and Performance in A Fresh Agri-product Supply Chain

A fresh agri-product supply chain consisting of a third-party logistics provider, a supplier and a retailer is considered, in which the cold-chain service is able to mitigate quantity loss and quality loss of fresh agri-products. There are three modes on how the third-party logistics provider offers the cold-chain service, referring to the promise mode, the advanced-requirement mode and the postponed-requirement mode. Under the promise mode, the third-party logistics provider determines the service level, while under the requirement modes the retailer requires the service level offered by the third-party logistics provider; that is, the retailer decides the service level. To investigate the effect of the modes on decisions and performance, the market demand for fresh agri-products is modeled as a function of the service level and selling price, and then the supply chain member's profits are modeled. Under the promise mode, the third-party logistics provider decides the service level and the service price, and then the supplier chooses the wholesale price, after which the retailer prices the product. Under the advanced-requirement mode, the service level is determined by the retailer, prior to the third-party logistics provider deciding the service price. Then the supplier sets the wholesale price, following which the retailer decides the selling price. Under the postponed-requirement mode, firstly the third-party logistics provider offers the service price. Secondly, the supplier chooses the wholesale price and then the retailer determines the selling price and the service level simultaneously. Based on backward induction, the equilibrium outcomes are derived. It is found that the supply chain members cannot achieve an identical preference between the promise mode and the advanced-requirement mode. To be specific, the promise mode can benefit the third-party logistics provider more than the advanced-requirement mode, while for the retailer this is reversed. When the rate of the cold-chain service cost shared by the third-party logistics provider is low, the promise mode is more profitable to the supplier; otherwise, the advanced-requirement mode is beneficial. Through the numerical analysis, even though all supply chain members cannot achieve a common preference among the modes on how the third-party logistics provider offers the cold-chain service, some of them can prefer an identical mode. To be specific, the third-party logistics provider and the retailer prefer the postponed-requirement mode when the rate of the cold-chain service cost shared by the third-party logistics provider is low. However, when this rate is high, for highly perishable fresh agri-products the common preference between the third-party logistics provider and the retailer still holds; otherwise, the supplier and the retailer achieve a common preference of the advanced-requirement mode.