面向新零售的生鲜连锁企业城市配送网络优化研究

城市配送网络优化是生鲜连锁经营企业实施新零售的关键环节，本文研究新零售背景下生鲜企业城市配送网络面临的多业态门店选址及末端需求点分配问题。本文系统考虑多业态零售门店选址布局及覆盖范围、冷链设施配置、冷藏品类选择等生鲜新零售特征构建非线性混合整数规划模型，并设计混合拉格朗日松弛算法求解模型，通过与CPLEX对比验证本文算法的有效性。根据典型生鲜连锁企业重庆果琳的实际数据，运用本文模型及算法得到重庆果琳多业态零售门店布局、门店线上订单覆盖范围、门店冷藏最优品类和门店冷链设施配置方案，并探讨需求规模变动、消费者自提意愿、线上订单规模和气温变化等因素对城市配送系统的影响。结果发现相比重庆果琳现有配送网络，优化方案平均成本降低2.52%；生鲜连锁企业损耗成本占总成本超过70%，配置冷链设施总成本仅降低0.32%；需求规模变动对城市配送网络及单位配送成本的影响较小；消费者自提意愿、线上订单规模和气温变化不影响城市配送网络结构且对总成本影响较小。

Research on Urban Distribution Network Optimization of Fresh Chain Enterprises under New Retail

The joint location-allocation optimization problem for fresh chain enterprises arising in new retail is studted. A nonlinear mixed integer programming model is constructed simultaneously considering location and coverage of multi-format stores, configuration of cold chain facilities, and cold category selection. A hybrid Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is also put forward to solve the model. Results comparisons with CPLEX verify the effectiveness of our algorithm. Based on the actual data of the leading fresh chain enterprise (Guolin) in Chongqing, the optimization results are demonstrated according to the model and algorithm of this paper. Then sensitivity analysis are carried out to explore the impacts of influence factors on urban distribution network and logistics cost, such as demand size, consumer willingness to pick up in a store, online order size and weather changes. The results demonstrate that compared with Guolin's existing distribution network, the optimization logistics cost reduce by 2.52%.Fresh loss cost accounts for more than 70% of logistics cost. And configuration of cold chain facilities only reduces the distribution cost by 0.32%. Demand size has less impact on the urban distribution network and unit logistics cost. Consumers' willingness to pick up in a store, online order size and weather changes have no impact on the distribution network structure and little impact on logistics cost.