土地制度的供求冲突与其改革的框架性安排

中国农村社会和农业经济向城市社会和工商业经济转型,计划经济向市场经济转轨,以及可持续发展和西部大开发,对土地制度的供给及其功能提出了特殊的需求。就目前来看,两种公有、高度集中和行政色彩较浓的土地所有和配置制度与结构转型和市场经济的要求发生了尖锐的冲突,特别是土地集体所有的虚无性衍生出一系列的经济社会问题。据此,本文提出了中国土地制度改革的框架性安排:土地的两种公有制并轨,国家拥有所有土地的终极所有权,分解国家所有的占有、使用、处置等权力,实行较长的使用年期财产权制度,农民和一部分国有企业的土地使用年期财产与社会保障挂钩,发挥市场配置土地资源的基础性作用,政府管理主要用来弥补市场配置土地资源的缺陷。

The Imbalance between Supply and Demand in Land System,and the Framework of Reform of this System

The transition from China' s rural society and agricultural economy to urban society and business economy, the transformation from planned economy to market economy, the sustained economic growth and the large - scale development of western China - all these have caused special demand on the supply of land reform and its function. In the present situation, there are sharp clashes between two kinds of public, highly concentrated land ownership of highly administrative nature together with the relative allocation system on one hand, and on the other hand the demands of structural transformation and market economy, and what is in particular is that the nothingness of collective land ownership has derived a series of economic and social problems. On this basis, we in this article put forward the following framework - like arrangements for China's land system reform: to combine the kinds of land ownership, with the state possessing the ultimate ownership of land; to section the state rights of land ownership, use and disposal, with the system of longer fixed period of use of land; to link the property of use of land - for fixed years - used by peasants and part of land used by national enterprises with social security, making the market play a fundamental role in allocation of land resources (AOLR), while the government management is employed mainly as an offset to the fault of AOLR.