马克思早期对人的本质理解方式的变化

马克思早期通过批判利己主义,追求人的自由解放。他分析了政治解放所造成的人的二重化,进而阐明了人们的阶级差别和对立。通过研究政治经济学,马克思用人固有的社会本质来批判以货币为中介的异己交往关系,把自由自觉的劳动作为人的类本质,批判了资本主义的异化劳动,阐明黑格尔哲学中的自我是对利己主义的人的理论抽象。针对青年黑格尔派对人的孤立化理解,马克思强调,利己主义的人处于社会联系中。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思从现实的社会实践出发,把人的本质理解为现实社会关系的总和,超越了费尔巴哈的类本质的观点。在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思从既定社会条件下的现实的个人出发,批判了施蒂纳的极端利己主义等,创立了历史唯物主义。

The Change of Marx's Comprehension on Human Essen in His Early Period

Marx criticizes egoism and seeks human freedom and liberation in his early period.He analyzes the dual character of people caused by the political emancipation,and then illustrates classical differences and confrontation of people.When he studies political economics,Marx criticizes money-mediated alien contacts comparing with inherent social essence of people,he also regards free self-conscious labor as human essence,criticizes the alienated labor in capitalist society,and reveals that the ego of Hegel's ph...