中国出口商品的技术结构与贸易竞争力研究--对1995-2012年10类商品MS、RCA、TC和IIT的综合评价

根据Lall（2000）提出的贸易产品技术分类体系进行商品分类，进而分别测算中国1995—2012年10类商品的国际市场占有率（ MS）、显示比较优势指数（ RCA）、贸易竞争力指数（ TC）和产业内贸易指数（ IIT），分析表明：中国出口商品的技术结构和贸易竞争力都得到了很大提升，在保持传统低技术制成品强大竞争力的同时，部分中高技术制成品的出口取得突破性进展，以市场换技术的发展战略基本成功；但商品贸易竞争力仍主要来自劳动力成本优势，且出口商品的产业集中度过高，仍处于全球价值链的低端。应促进各类高技术产业的发展，抢占其价值链的高端，并在某些中高技术产业重点突破，提高整体贸易竞争力。

Research on Technical Structure and Trade Competitiveness of China’ s Export Commodities-Comprehensive Review of MS,RCA, TC and IIT of 10 Types of Commodities During 1995-2012

The commodity classification is conducted according to trade products technological classification system proposed by Lall (2000), furthermore, the international market sharing (MS), revealed comparative advantage ( RCA) index, trade competence ( TC) index and intra?industry trade ( IIT) index of 10 types of the commodities of China during 1995—2012 are calculated. The analysis shows that the technical structure and trade competitiveness of China exported products is significantly promoted, that the export of medium and hi?tech products makes breakthrough while products of low technology still remain competitive, and “market for technologies” strategy is basically successful. However, the competitiveness of commodity trade mainly lies in low labor cost, furthermore, the industrial agglomeration degree of the exported products is too high and these products still stay at the low end of the global value chain. Thus, China should boost the development of all kinds of hi?tech industries, struggle for the high end of their value chain, especially make breakthrough in some medium and hi?tech industries and promote the trade competence.