波粒二象性研究中的历史学与方法论思考——洛仑兹-康普顿佯谬及其双胜判决性实验

本文通过对现代物理学发展过程的历史学与方法论反思,在阿恩特、哲瑞克、布鲁尼、莫雅特等人工作的基础上把实物粒子的波粒二象性、经典物理(世界)与量子物理(世界)的界限以及量子退相干问题推进到了电磁场的经典与量子界面上,并就反康普顿散射的经典理论与量子理论进行了比较研究,发现了洛仑兹-康普顿佯谬并设计了一个敏感而可行的双胜判决性实验。不论该实验给出肯定还是否定的结果,都会推动物理学的发展。因此,本文提供了一个引导物理学发展方向的判决性实验并展示了历史学与方法论思考将科学研究逼上成功之路的一个生动案例。

Historical and Methodological Thinking on the Study of Wave-particle Duality--Lorentz-Compton Paradox and a Dual-Success Crucial Experiment

By the historical and methodological pondering over the development process of modern physics,based on the research work done by Arndt,Zurek,Brune,Myatt and so on,the problem of the wave-particle duality,the boundary between classic physics(world)and quantum physics(world)and the quantum decoherence of object particles is extended to the boundary of electromagnetic fields between classic and quantum in this paper.Thus a Lorentz-Compton paradox is discovered and a feasible,sensitive and dual-success crucial experiment is designed.The analysis above shows that the experiment would give impetus to physics,no matter what result(positive or negative)it may bring about.Therefore,a crucial experiment that might lead the direction of physics development is given,and a vivid case that the historical and methodological thinking on the study of sciences drives it into success is presented in our paper.