亚细亚生产方式新探

亚细亚生产方式即以“公有”或“国有”为其现象的“国王官僚所有制”及其所产生的农业手工业相结合的家族宗法制的自给自足经济,乃是东方专制政体所由以产生的经济根源,是专制制度最牢固的基础和最深刻的原因;反之,西方“古典的古代”生产方式亦即每个公民都是真正私有者的自由和平等的私有制,则是西方民主制度所由以产生的经济根源,是民主制度最牢固的基础和最深刻的原因。这就是为什么古希腊苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德极其丰富地展示了专制与民主各种政体的广阔天地,而中国诸子百家——儒家、墨家、法家和阴阳五行思想家——却统统是倡导和主张专制的专制主义论者之最深刻原因!

A new inquiry into Asiatic mode of production

The Asiatic mode of production,namely,the monarchic ownership in the form of public or national ownership and the self-sufficient economy resulting from this ownership is the economic root and also the most solid foundation of the oriental autocratic system;on the contrary,the occidental classic mode of production,namely,the private ownership characterized by freedom and equality of individuals is the economic root and also the most solid foundation of democratic system.This contrast explains why Socrate,Plato and Aristotle of ancient Greek could expound various monarchic and democratic systems while Chinese thinkers of different schools including Confucianism,Mohism,Legalism and the philosophy of five elements are all advocators and supporters of autocratic system.