所有权控制与家族企业成长——基于日本三井的案例分析

针对家族企业代际传承中的成长难题，基于所有权控制视角，深入考察了日本三井从其创业到财阀生成这段时间内的成长历程。研究表明，三井财阀从创业到发展，得益于对所有权控制上3个层面问题的有效解决，即通过“总有制”实现了“分家不分业”，确保了三井公司在资金短缺情况下的健康发展；将所有权制衡理念植入家族成员的所有权分配之中，抑制了家族领导人可能的“私人利益”动机过强，或者“经营短视”所造成的企业经营风险；基于信任的充分授权和作为“家族治理结构”的“大元方”的建立，为协调家族所有者和职业经理人之间关系建立了保障。从中得到的启示是，所有权控制创新是解决家族企业的所有权归属及分配、所有权结构以及两权分离下代理问题的有效途径。但同时也应看到，所有权控制创新在理论上还面临着家族企业与职业经理人之间信任机制构建等诸多课题。

The Ownership Control and the Growth of Family Enterprise——A Case Analysis on Mitsui

With regard to the growing problem during intergenerational transition of family business,based on a view of Ownership control,the article explores deeply into the growing course of Mitsui Zaibatsu from its origination to formation.The study shows that Mitsui was benefited from the effective problems-solving of 3 levels of Ownership control: to realize "the separation of family regardless of industry" by "total ownership system",to ensure Mitsui's healthy development even in fund shortage; to implant the checking-and-balancing concept of Ownership control into the ownership allotment among family members so that the enterprises management risks because of probable "private profit" excessively serious or "short-sighted running" of family leaders are restrained; the relationship coordination between family owner and Professional Managers is guaranteed by the establishment of "bigcom" based on full empowerment belief and "family governance structure".A revelation could be gotten that the innovation of ownership control is the effective solution to the problems of the belonging and allotment of Ownership of family enterprises,the structure of ownership and the agent problem because of the division of two kinds of rights.However,many other tasks such as the belief mechanism building between family enterprise and Professional Managers are still to be faced with in theory.