科举制度与公务员制度:中西政治发展史上的一个交汇点

对古代中国的科举制度与近现代西方国家的公务员制度所做的比较研究表明 ,这两个在时间与空间上都相距甚远的制度之间 ,存在许多令人惊异的共性。从历史与文化的角度来分析 ,科举制度只不过是古代中国传统的考试任职制度的一个变体 ,而公务员制度则完全是西方国家在近现代才出现的一个新生事物 ;但是 ,就通过改变某一阶层的社会地位与政治角色而言 ,这两项制度都在政治层面上促进了权力的集中。随着某种集权体制的形成与发展 ,在行政层面上 ,权力的下移也成为不可避免的趋势 ,而官僚作风等一系列问题则由此产生

Examination System and Servant System——A Similarity in Political Development between China and the West

The contrasting research between the examination system of ancient China and the servant system of modern western countries shows that there is a lot of astonishing similarities between these two systems far away in time and space.Analysed from a historical and cultural angle,the examination system is only an anamorphosis of the traditional examination system for holding posts in ancient China,while the servant system is completely a new thing appearing in western countries in modern times.But through the transformation of social status and the political role of certain estates,these two systems both contribute to the concentration of power at the political level .Along with the appearance and development of a system of certain centralization of state power,the descending of power also becomes an inevitable trend at the administrative level ,while a series of bureaucratic and other problems come into being consequently.