SSK视野中的技术创新

本文首先对科学知识社会学做了简要的评析,认为相对主义的认识论和经验论的自然主义的方法论是科学知识社会学的两个基本特征,基于这两个特征,科学知识社会学的研究工作应遵循“先解构,后建构”的思路进行。这种思路对于目前很难深入的国内技术创新理论的研究具有一定的启示意义。其次,在分析当前技术创新理论研究中存在的问题的基础上,引入科学知识社会学的理论和方法,提出“技术创新的社会形成”的概念,并且从作为社会交往活动的技术创新、技术创新中的主体多元化、技术创新与社会的整合关系三个方面,对“技术创新的社会形成”的内容作了简单的说明。最后,对在具体的研究过程中应当注意的几个问题进行了探讨。

Technological Innovation in Perspective of SSK

In this paper, the author firstly makes a concise analysis on SSK and points out that relativism's epistemology and naturalistic methodology of empiricism are two basic characteristics of SSK. Therefore, the study on SSK should follow the guideline of first deconstruction and then construction. This guideline has great enlightening significance for domestic research on technological innovation that is hard to get further development at present. Secondly, by analyzing the problems existing in the study of technological innovation, the author introduces the theory and method of SSK, and puts forward a new concept SSTI, the Social Shaping of Technological Innovation. Then, the content of SSTI has been clarified from three aspects: technological innovation as the activities of social communication; the multiplicity of subjects of technological innovation; the integrated relations between technological innovation and society. At last, several problems that should be paid much attention to in study have also been discussed.