中国与韩国产业结构演变过程与启示

韩国自从20世纪60年代开始实施了出口主导型政策和重化工业化政策，推动了产业结构升级。加速了劳动和资本密集型产业向技术和知识密集型产业的转化。韩国在加入GATT后的初期，充分利用廉价劳动力的优势发展出口加工业，为资本和技术积累创造了条件。20世纪70年代的重化工业化促进了韩国的经济起飞。20世纪90年代新一轮的产业结构调整没有到位，又使韩国受到亚洲全融危机的严重冲击。我国自改革开放以来，第一产业得到了加强，第二、三产业得到了迅速发展，但产业结构还有待进一步改善。因此，在产业结构的调整过程中，应加强自主创新。促进产业结构持续升级，注重发挥比较优势和后发优势，实行有利于发挥各地区优势的产业布局政策，对衰退产业加强引导，促进社会和谐。

The Process and Enlightenment of the Evolution of Industrial Structure in China and Korea

Since 1960s, Korea has adopted export-oriented and heavy-industrialized polices, which promoted the industrial structural promotion and fastened the transition from labor and capital intensive industries to technology and knowledge economy intensive industries. After the entry of GATT, Korea utilized the advantage of cheap labor to develop the export industry, which paved the way for capital and technology accumulation. The heavy-industrialized polices in 1970s resulted in the boom of Korean economy. The new industrial structural adjustment hadn＇t been accomplished by 1990s, which made Korea suffer from the Asian financial crisis. In China, the primary industry has been enhanced and the secondary and tertiary industries have developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. Meanwhile, China＇s industrial structure is still to be improved. Therefore, we should enhance the self-innovation, promote the continuous upgrade of industrial structure, exert the comparative and late-starting advantages, adopt the policies which are helpful to exert regional advantages, guide the industries in recession and keep the social harmony.