美国应对中东剧变的“奥巴马主义”探析

美国应对中东剧变的政策措施彰显"奥巴马主义",即军事上谨慎用兵,避免直接地面占领或卷入一场针对伊斯兰国家的新战争,而是通过武装反对派推行"阿拉伯人打阿拉伯人",减少人道主义干预的成本;政治上运用所谓美国的"巧实力",让欧洲大国和阿拉伯盟友提出议程设置,充当"急先锋",美国在背后"掌舵",以最廉价的方式延续美国在中东的领导地位;外交上通过议题设置,让联合国人权委员会等国际组织和非政府组织服务于美国政府;经济上运用援助和制裁两手政策来实现政治目标;文化上利用媒体、非政府组织和网络,开展民间外交和网络外交。奥巴马政府试图综合运用军事、政治、外交、经济和文化手段,推动中东反美国家的政权更迭,维护亲美国家的政局稳定。研究表明,无论是主张依靠硬实力的"布什主义",还是主张依靠巧实力的"奥巴马主义",其在中东维持美国领导地位的战略目标,却是一致的。

US Response to Arab Revolt: The “Obama Doctrine” Perspective

This paper probes the US policy towards the Arab Revolt from the perspective of "the Obama Doctrine",which can be characterized by the following attributes.Militarily,Washington is cautious to use military force so as to prevent another war against an Islamic country like Iraq and Afghanistan.Hence,it attempts to arm Arab opposition forces to overthrow the authoritarian regimes with a lower cost.Politically,America makes use of its "smart power" and requests European and Arab allies to act as the "staunch pioneers" to maintain US leadership in the Middle East from the behind.Diplomatically,the Obama administration adheres to agenda-setting rights and let UN Human Rights Commission and other IGOs and NGOs to serve the US interest.Overall,the US takes advantage of multi-facet tools to promote regime change in the anti-American countries,while maintaining regime stability in the pro-American countries.