春秋：城邦社会与城邦气象

有一种精神是春秋精神，有一种文化是春秋文化，有一种风度是春秋风度，有一种气象是春秋气象。春秋时代是中国文化史上的轴心时代，形成这一时期文化风韵的基础是高度发达的城邑文明，春秋时代是典型的城邦时代，礼乐文明是以城邦文明为基础的。春秋时期完成了哲学的突破，以史学家为主体的哲学集团实现了哲学从神的哲学到人的哲学的转变，哲学达到了体系性的成熟。国史的出现意味着这一时期城邦史学的成熟，城邦史学的建立是以城邦自立为前提的。春秋还是君子由阶层的意义转向道德的意义，中国人的人格理想即君子人格。

The Spring and Autumn Period:the Society and Atosphere of City-state

The spring and Autumn Period(770-453B.C.)was a key times in Chinese cultural history.The cutural foundation of the times was the city civilization.The Spring and Autumn Period was a representative times of city state.The civilization of city state was the foundation of ceremony and music civilization.In the period,philosophy had completed its breakthrough and systematism.The philosophy had been changed from god to man by the philosphical groups whose main subjects were historians.The appearance of state history meaned the matureness of city state historical course.The times was also a mature period of gentleman character.The meaning of gentleman had changed from social position to morals.The personality ideal of China was gentleman charater.