一种结构特殊的偏正式复合名词

汉语中有一种结构特殊的偏正式复合名词(如"饼干、人海、雪花、瀑布"),其特殊性在于:整个结构的语法性质与它的某一个成分相同,但却不属于典型的"向心结构"。《现代汉语词典》(第5版)中共有166个符合上述特点的偏正式复合名词。根据构式的能产性和后语素是否分别具有名词和形容词两种性质,可将这些词分为三类。构式能产性强弱差异的原因与"凸显度"有着密切的关系。佛教、医书词语的使用及语言自身因素是构式衍生和发展的影响因素。该构式的语义结构是"事物类+提示特征"。参与构词的语素具有常见性特征,是由造词中的"求便"心态决定的。

A Special Kind of Subordinative Construction Compound Nouns

There is a special kind of subordinative construction compound nouns in Chinese,for example: "biscuits","crowd","snowflake"and"waterfall".And its particularity is that the grammatical character of the whole structure is the same as one of its elements,though it doesn’t belong to the typical"endocentric structure".There are altogether 167 subordinative construction compound nouns which involve the above-mentioned characters in the The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(the fifth edition).These words can be classified into three types based on two standards: one is the productivity of the,the other is whether the last morpheme has substantival and adjectival properties.The reason behind construction productivity strength differences is closely related to"prominence".Buddhism,usage of medical words and own factor within language are the influence factors of construction derivation and development.The semantic structure is"objects+tip characteristic".The morphemes in word-formation are common,which is up to the"convenience mentality"in creating words.