试论宋代牙人在蕃汉贸易中的作用

北宋初期，为应付对辽、金、夏战争的需要，在北部边境地区设立榷场，招募牙人，监督商人。熙宁以后，王安石推行变法，在全国各地设置市易司，召雇牙吏，监理商务。牙人集侩、吏、商职能于一身，出入蕃部，招徕商人，参与公私交易，坐收渔利，成为一支举足轻重的社会力量。

The Roles the Middlemen in Song Dynasty Played in Trades Between Foreign Nations and Han

In early North-Song Dynasty,to cope with the need of the wars against Liao,Jin and Xia,the Song's ruling class established Que Chang and recruited middle-men to supervise merchants in northern border region.From the time of Xining on,Wang An-shi carried out a political reform.He established the transaction organization all over the country,and recruited middlemen to supervise business affairs.Middlemen assembled the roles of business middlemen,government officials and merchants on themselves.They could go in and out of foreign nations freely,attract merchants,participate in public and personal transactions and obtain interests easily.They became a kind of very important social strength.The paper discusses the roles the middlemen in Song Dynasty played in trades between foreign nations and Han.