论法定强奸罪中的严格责任理念

基于对未满十四周岁幼女的特殊保护,刑法推定其不具有同意性交的能力,因此,即便被告人没有使用暴力、胁迫或者其他手段,双方自愿发生性行为,被告人仍会构成强奸罪,从重处罚。然而,如果被告人确实不知对方是未满十四周岁的幼女,其是否仍要承担强奸罪的刑事责任呢?对于这个问题,无论是中国还是世界上其他国家的法学理论与司法实践均存在争议。本文从分析争议的本质入手,通过阐述严格责任的存在根据与发展历程,得出这样的结论,即在奸淫幼女问题(法定强奸罪)的处理上,虽然严格责任的适用出现波折,但严格责任的理念一直并仍有存在的必要。

Discussing the Concept of Strict liability in Statutory Rape

The girls under the age of fourteen are presumed to have no capability to consent to sexual intercourse by criminal law in order to protect the special group.Accordingly,even if the defendant has intercourse with girls under the age of fourteen without violence,coercion or other means,the defendant will still be convicted of rape and be punished heavily.However,if the defendant has no idea about the age of the girl,does he have to assume criminal liability of rape? As to this issue,both legal theory and judicial practice of China and other countries have two opposite opinions.This paper analyzes the essence of the dispute initially,and then elaborates the basis of existence and development of strict liability,concludes that the application of strict liability takes twist and turn,but the concept of strict liability has been and still necessary to be used to deal with the problem of statutory rape.